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Innate Immune Responses and Gut Microbiomes Distinguish HIV-Exposed from HIV-Unexposed Children in a Population-Specific Manner

In both high- and low-income countries, HIV-negative children born to HIV-positive mothers (HIV exposed, uninfected [HEU]) are more susceptible to severe infection than HIV-unexposed, uninfected (HUU) children, with altered innate immunity hypothesized to be a cause. Both the gut microbiome and systemic innate immunity differ across biogeographically distinct settings, and the two are known to influence each other.

B Part of It School Leaver protocol: an observational study to assess the impact of a meningococcal serogroup B vaccine programme on carriage of Neisseria meningitidis

This study will assess the impact of MenB vaccine (4CMenB) on carriage prevalence in school leavers in South Australia

Dynamic molecular changes during the first week of human life follow a robust developmental trajectory

Systems biology and innovative data integration can provide fresh insights into the molecular ontogeny of the first week of life

Rhinovirus C is associated with wheezing and rhinovirus A is associated with pneumonia in hospitalized children in Morocco

We aimed to describe the distribution of RV species and associations between RV species and clinical features in children hospitalized with clinically severe pneumonia in Morocco

Are low sun exposure and/or Vitamin D risk factors for type 1 diabetes

Evidence supports that higher sun exposure and/or vitamin D sufficiency in pregnancy, or supplementation in early life, decreases type 1 diabetes risk

Rhinovirus species and clinical features in children hospitalised with pneumonia from Mozambique

The prevalence of human rhinovirus (RV) species in children hospitalised with pneumonia in Manhiça, Mozambique

Respiratory viruses in young South African children with acute lower respiratory infections and interactions with HIV

RV-A and RV-C are endemic in South African children and HIV infection may be protective against RSV and bronchiolitis.

Vitamin D and immunity

The active form of vitamin D has an important role in calcium metabolism and in bone mineralisation, but the evidence for other health outcomes is mixed,...

Immune cell trafficking from the brain maintains CNS immune tolerance

Evaluation of fluorescently labeled leukocyte migration in mice revealed that DCs travel via the RMS from the CNS to the cervical LNs (CxLNs), where they...

Immune modulation by UV: Role of vitamin D

In this chapter, evidence for and evidence against the involvement of vitamin D in the immunoregulatory properties of UV radiation is presented.