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Cytokine Responses to Novel Antigens in an Indian Population Living in an Area Endemic for Visceral Leishmaniasis

Here we employ whole blood assays to evaluate human cytokine responses to 11 of these antigens, in comparison to known defined and crude antigen preparations.

In vitro antibacterial activity of Western Australian honeys, and manuka honey, against bacteria implicated in impetigo

Impetigo is a contagious skin disease caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Without treatment, impetigo may be recurrent, develop into severe disease, or have serious, life-threatening sequelae. Standard treatment consists of topical or systemic antibiotic therapy (depending on severity), however, due to antibiotic resistance some therapies are increasingly ineffective.

The influence of sunlight exposure and sun protecting behaviours on allergic outcomes in early childhood

The dramatic rise in allergic disease has occurred in tandem with recent environmental changes and increasing indoor lifestyle culture. While multifactorial, one consistent allergy risk factor has been reduced sunlight exposure. However, vitamin D supplementation studies have been disappointing in preventing allergy, raising possible independent effects of ultraviolet (UV) light exposure.

Lower Cord Blood IL-17 and IL-25, but Not Other Epithelial Cell-Derived Cytokines Are Associated with Atopic Dermatitis in Infancy

There is a growing need for early biomarkers that may predict the development of atopic dermatitis (AD). As alterations in skin barrier may be a primary event in disease pathogenesis, epithelial cell (EC) cytokines expression patterns may be a potential biomarker in early life to target allergy preventive strategies towards "at-risk" infants. The aim of this longitudinal investigation was to examine from birth over the course of infancy levels of the EC cytokines: thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), interleukin (IL)-33, IL-25, and IL-17 in infants at high-risk of AD due to maternal atopy.

Topical versus systemic antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media

To assess the relative effectiveness of topical versus systemic antibiotics for people with chronic suppurative otitis media

Global, Regional, and National Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases for 10 Causes, 1990 to 2015

The burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remains unclear in many regions of the world.

Dysregulation of innate immunity in ulcerative colitis patients who fail anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy

Study the innate immune function in ulcerative colitis patients who fail to respond to anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy

A Method to Exploit the Structure of Genetic Ancestry Space to Enhance Case-Control Studies

These results highlight how UNICORN can enable reliable, powerful, and convenient genetic association analyses without access to the individual-level data

Polygenic risk of ischemic stroke is associated with cognitive ability

Findings from this study indicate that even in the absence of stroke, being at high polygenic risk of ischemic stroke is associated with lower cognitive ability

Fine mapping under linkage peaks for symptomatic or asymptomatic outcomes of Leishmania infantum infection in Brazil

The transforming growth factor-beta pathway is important in the immunopathogenesis of Visceral leishmaniasis