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Epidemiology and seasonality of human parainfluenza serotypes 1-3 in Australian children

Parainfluenza viruses are significant contributors to childhood respiratory illness worldwide, although detailed epidemiological studies are lacking. Few recent Australian studies have investigated serotype-specific PIV epidemiology, and there is a paucity of southern hemisphere PIV reports. We report age-stratified PIV hospitalisation rates and a mathematical model of PIV seasonality and dynamics in Western Australia (WA).

Effect of ten-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction on pneumococcal carriage in Fiji: results from four annual cross-sectional carriage surveys

Direct and indirect effects on pneumococcal carriage post-PCV10 are likely to result in reductions in pneumococcal disease, including in infants too young to be vaccinated

Scabies and impetigo in Timor-Leste: A school screening study in two districts

Scabies and impetigo are common in Timor-Leste, with very high prevalence of scabies in the rural district of Ermera

Calculation of the age of the first infection for skin sores and scabies in five remote communities in northern Australia

Prevalence of skin sores and scabies in remote Australian Aboriginal communities remains unacceptably high, with Group A Streptococcus (GAS) the dominant pathogen. We aim to better understand the drivers of GAS transmission using mathematical models.

T-cell responses against rhinovirus species A and C in asthmatic and healthy children

Infections by RV species A and C are the most common causes of exacerbations of asthma and a major cause of exacerbations of other respiratory disease.

Potential impact of a maternal vaccine for RSV: A mathematical modelling study

Respiratory syncytial virus is a major cause of respiratory morbidity and one of the main causes of hospitalisation in young children.

Viral etiology and the impact of codetection in young children presenting with influenza-like illness

Children with acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) frequently exhibit virus-virus codetection, yet the clinical significance of ARTI remains contentious.

Repeated vaccination does not appear to impact upon influenza vaccine effectiveness against hospitalization with confirmed influenza

These findings reinforce current recommendations for annual influenza vaccination, particularly those at greatest risk of influenza disease.

Repeat pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in Indigenous Australian adults is associated with decreased immune responsiveness

These findings highlight the critical need to evaluate the efficacy of future pneumococcal vaccine programs in the Australian Indigenous populations that recommend repeated doses of 23vPPV.

Influence of maternal obesity on the long-term health of offspring

Increasing evidence implicates maternal obesity as a major determinant of offspring health during childhood and later adult life