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Tryptophan and arginine catabolic enzymes and regulatory cytokines in clinically isolated syndrome and multiple sclerosis

Higher IDO and ARG expression in clinically isolated syndrome and multiple sclerosis provides one sustained homeostatic mechanism to control multiple sclerosis-associated inflammation

Cochrane corner: hearing aids for mild to moderate hearing loss in adults

The evidence supports the widespread provision of hearing aids as the first-line clinical management for those seeking help for hearing difficulties

A randomised, controlled clinical trial of narrowband UVB phototherapy for clinically isolated syndrome: The PhoCIS study

This study provides a basis for further studies to determine if there are any benefits of the therapeutic effects of narrowband UVB radiation on MS progression

Immunogenicity and safety of one or two doses of the quadrivalent meningococcal vaccine MenACWY-TT given alone or with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in toddlers: A phase III, open-label, randomised study

We evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of 1 and 2 doses of MenACWY-TT, given alone or co-administered with PCV13 in toddlers.

Macrolides in children with community-acquired pneumonia: Panacea or placebo?

Pneumonia, most often caused by a respiratory virus, is common in childhood.

ACE inhibitors and statins in adolescents with type 1 diabetes

We hypothesized that adolescents with high levels of albumin excretion might benefit from ACE inhibitors and statins, drugs that have not been fully evaluated

UV Irradiation of Skin Enhances Glycolytic Flux and Reduces Migration Capabilities in Bone Marrow–Differentiated Dendritic Cells

A systemic immunosuppression follows UV irradiation of the skin of humans and mice.

High-dose intramuscular Vitamin D provides long-lasting moderate increases in serum 25-hydroxVitamin D levels and shorter-Term changes in plasma calcium

Intramuscular injection of a large bolus of Vitamin D effectively increases serum 25-hydroxyVitamin D levels without evidence of metabolic abnormality.

Cochrane Corner: interventions to improve hearing aid use in adult auditory rehabilitation

This "Cochrane Corner" will be a recurring feature in the journal that highlights systematic reviews relevant to audiology, with invited commentary to aid clinical decision making.

The bioenergetics of inflammation: insights into obesity and type 2 diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic metabolic disorders worldwide, and its incidence in Asian countries is alarmingly high.