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Innate Immune Responses and Gut Microbiomes Distinguish HIV-Exposed from HIV-Unexposed Children in a Population-Specific Manner

In both high- and low-income countries, HIV-negative children born to HIV-positive mothers (HIV exposed, uninfected [HEU]) are more susceptible to severe infection than HIV-unexposed, uninfected (HUU) children, with altered innate immunity hypothesized to be a cause. Both the gut microbiome and systemic innate immunity differ across biogeographically distinct settings, and the two are known to influence each other.

Methylome-wide association study of central adiposity implicates genes involved in immune and endocrine systems

We conducted a methylome-wide association study to examine associations between DNA methylation in whole blood and central adiposity and body fat distribution, measured as waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and waist-to-height ratio adjusted for body mass index, in 2684 African-American adults in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study.

Lactoferrin Expression Is Not Associated with Late-Onset Sepsis in Very Preterm Infants

Preterm infants are at a high risk of developing late-onset sepsis (LOS). Lactoferrin is one of the most abundant endogenous antimicrobial proteins expressed in breast milk, stools, and blood, and a candidate for preventive intervention. Large clinical trials have recently investigated whether enteral supplementation with bovine lactoferrin reduces LOS.

Exploring Associations Between Playgroup Attendance and Early Childhood Development at School Entry in Australia: A Cross-Sectional Population-Level Study

Children who attended playgroup had better development at school entry relative to those who had not attended playgroup

Primary central nervous system lymphoma: Initial features, outcome, and late effects in 75 children and adolescents

Children with Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma and no immunodeficiency have a good outcome

Measuring early childhood development in multiple contexts: the internal factor structure and reliability of the early Human Capability Index in seven countries

Findings support the aims of the early Human Capability Index in being adaptable and applicable for use within a range of low and middle income countries

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: Rationale for a pathophysiological rather than treatment based approach to diagnosis

This review describes the evolution of bronchopulmonary dysplasia definitions, evaluates the benefits and limitations of each approach

Systematic Review of the Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on Markers of Metabolic Dysfunction

Here we review the metabolic effects of exposure to ultraviolet radiation, focusing on the effects of phototherapies

B Part of It protocol: a cluster randomised controlled trial to assess the impact of 4CMenB vaccine on pharyngeal carriage of Neisseria meningitidis in adolescents

The SA MenB vaccine carriage study aims to assess the impact of 4CMenB on carriage of N. meningitidis in adolescents

Sugar-sweetened beverage intake associations with fasting glucose and insulin concentrations are not modified by selected genetic variants in a ChREBP-FGF21 pathway: a meta-analysis

We think that variants in genes involved in fructose metabolism and ChREBP-FGF21 pathway interacts with SSB intake to exacerbate associations with SSB intake.