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Research

Coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in Australia commenced in February 2021. The first vaccines recommended for use were AZD1222 and BNT162b2, both delivered as a two-dose primary schedule. In the absence of sustained immunity following immunisation, recommendations for booster vaccination have followed. It is likely that periodic boosting will be necessary for at least some Australians, but it is unknown what the optimal booster vaccines and schedules are or for whom vaccination should be recommended. 

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Aboriginal children are at greater risk of rotavirus disease than non-Aboriginal children and delayed vaccine receipt is substantially higher

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This manuscript will give a brief overview of clinical trial design including the strengths and limitations of various approaches

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Nurses consider antimicrobial stewardship activities within their roles, but are underutilised in antimicrobial stewardship programs

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A single dose of rubella vaccine will take longer to reduce the burden of rubella and will be less robust to lower vaccine coverage

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RV1 and RV5 were both effective in preventing laboratory confirmed and notified rotavirus infections among children aged <5 years

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Australian infants who received whole-cell pertussis vaccines were less likely to be diagnosed with food allergy in childhood

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No new safety concerns were identified for live attenuated herpes zoster vaccine in this study based on a novel, Australian primary care data source

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Pneumonia remains a leading cause of hospitalization and death among young children worldwide, and the diagnostic challenge of differentiating bacterial from non-bacterial pneumonia is the main driver of antibiotic use for treating pneumonia in children. Causal Bayesian networks (BNs) serve as powerful tools for this problem as they provide clear maps of probabilistic relationships between variables and produce results in an explainable way by incorporating both domain expert knowledge and numerical data.

Research

The need for coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in different age groups and populations is a subject of great uncertainty and an ongoing global debate. Critical knowledge gaps regarding COVID-19 vaccination include the duration of protection offered by different priming and booster vaccination regimens in different populations, including homologous or heterologous schedules.