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Spatio-temporal patterns of childhood pneumonia in Bhutan: a Bayesian analysis

Pneumonia is one of the top 10 diseases by morbidity in Bhutan. This study aimed to investigate the spatial and temporal trends and risk factors of childhood pneumonia in Bhutan.

Genetic association study of childhood aggression across raters, instruments, and age

Childhood aggressive behavior (AGG) has a substantial heritability of around 50%. Here we present a genome-wide association meta-analysis (GWAMA) of childhood AGG, in which all phenotype measures across childhood ages from multiple assessors were included. We analyzed phenotype assessments for a total of 328 935 observations from 87 485 children aged between 1.5 and 18 years, while accounting for sample overlap.

Time spent outdoors in childhood is associated with reduced risk of myopia as an adult

Myopia (near-sightedness) is an important public health issue. Spending more time outdoors can prevent myopia but the long-term association between this exposure and myopia has not been well characterised. We investigated the relationship between time spent outdoors in childhood, adolescence and young adulthood and risk of myopia in young adulthood. The Kidskin Young Adult Myopia Study (KYAMS) was a follow-up of the Kidskin Study, a sun exposure-intervention study of 1776 children aged 6-12 years.

Two decades of increasing incidence of childhood-onset type 2 diabetes in Western Australia (2000–2019)

This retrospective population‐based study aimed to determine the incidence of type 2 diabetes from 2012 to 2019 in Western Australian youth aged under 16 years, and to examine temporal trends between 2000 and 2019, using data from the Western Australian Children’s Diabetes Database (WACDD). The data extracted for eligible patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, according to standard criteria, included diagnosis year, age, sex and self‐reported Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander status.

Shade coverage, ultraviolet radiation and children’s physical activity in early childhood education and care

The provision of shade, particularly through natural forms such as tree canopy, is an important sun protection strategy and enabler of outdoor time

Healthy population ageing depends on investment in early childhood learning and development

Interventions in the early years provide a sustainable solution by generating long-term labour productivity and social welfare benefits

Normative data of muscle fiber diameter of vastus lateralis during childhood: a field test

This short report highlights the requirement for contemporary age-specific normative data from a larger number of biopsies, including typically developing children

Early childhood education and child development in four countries in East Asia and the Pacific

Results indicate that early childhood education is beneficial for children's early development

Cord Blood IL-12 Confers Protection to Clinical Malaria in Early Childhood Life

Cord blood background IL-12 concentrations are important for protecting children from clinical malaria

Living on a farm, contact with farm animals and pets, and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

These findings add additional evidence to the hypothesis that regular contact with animals in early childhood is inversely associated with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia