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Children are particularly vulnerable to air pollution, but the effects of early life exposure to acute, high-intensity pollution on later lung function remain poorly understood. We assessed the association between prenatal or infant exposure to fire-related fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from a six-week coal mine fire and subsequent lung function. 

We examine the associations between characteristics of young adults’ communities and their cardiovascular health. Young adult cardiovascular health (CVH) is assessed by a set of eight factors encompassing both health-related behaviors and clinical metrics.

In February 2025, Australia introduced maternal vaccination with bivalent respiratory syncytial virus prefusion F protein-based vaccine (RSVpreF) in the National Immunization Program for pregnant individuals from 28 weeks' gestation as the primary, year-round strategy to prevent RSV disease in infants 6 months of age or younger.

There is a paucity of longitudinal research comparing early-life mental health in rural and metropolitan communities. Living in rural areas is associated with limited access to specialist care, as well as additional stresses such as natural disasters. To address health disparities for rural communities it is critical to understand variance in predictors and outcomes for child mental health.

(Central) Auditory Processing Disorder ([C]APD) is an umbrella term for children who have difficulty with listening, despite normal hearing. Children with (C)APD frequently experience academic, behavioural, emotional, cognitive and social difficulties, and lack accessible, long-lasting wholistic treatments. Hence, a transdisciplinary intervention has been developed – Auditory-Cued Exercise Therapy. 

Australia introduced a hybrid Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Maternal and Infant Protection Program (RSV-MIPP) in 2025, using National Immunisation Program-funded RSV vaccine for pregnant people from 28 weeks' gestation and jurisdiction-funded nirsevimab. We estimated real-world effectiveness and assessed the impact of the RSV-MIPP program across a participating surveillance network.

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) prevents pneumococcal disease and pneumonia, but indirect effects are poorly understood in low-coverage, high-burden settings like Papua New Guinea (PNG). PNG introduced 13-valent PCV (PCV13) in 2014. We aimed to assess direct and indirect effectiveness of PCV13 against vaccine-type pneumococcal carriage among children with pneumonia or suspected meningitis in PNG

Although evidence supports clinicians to "safely do less" for febrile infants assessed as low risk of serious bacterial infection (SBI), early discharge may increase caregiver concern and reduce satisfaction with care. We captured the self-reported satisfaction and concerns for families enrolled in the study of fever, blood cultures and readiness for discharge in infants less than 3 months old (FeBRILe3), a prospective safety assessment of early discharge of low-risk febrile infants, to aid evaluation of this practice. 

The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in late 2021 led to widespread infection in Australian children, many unvaccinated. The breadth and magnitude of antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 variant infections and vaccination in children remain incompletely understood. We aimed to estimate seroprevalence against SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) antigens and explore antibody kinetics, focusing on Omicron subvariants.

This meta-analytic study examined the associations between childhood emotional abuse (CEA) history in adults and eleven emotion regulation abilities. Inclusion criteria were the use of validated and reliable multi-item measures, cross-sectional Pearson's correlation coefficient(s), and retrievable in English.