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The intersect of genetics, environment, and microbiota in asthma-perspectives and challenges

In asthma, a significant portion of the interaction between genetics and environment occurs through microbiota. The proposed mechanisms behind this interaction are complex and at times contradictory. This review covers recent developments in our understanding of this interaction: the "microbial hypothesis" and the "farm effect"; the role of endotoxin and genetic variation in pattern recognition systems; the interaction with allergen exposure; the additional involvement of host gut and airway microbiota; the role of viral respiratory infections in interaction with the 17q21 and CDHR3 genetic loci; and the importance of in utero and early-life timing of exposures.

Decoding Susceptibility to Respiratory Viral Infections and Asthma Inception in Children

Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Human Rhinovirus are the most frequent cause of respiratory tract infections in infants and children and are major triggers of acute viral bronchiolitis, wheezing and asthma exacerbations.

Basophil counts in PBMC populations during childhood acute wheeze/asthma are associated with future exacerbations

Our findings suggest that the proportion of degranulated basophils can also be associated with recurrent exacerbations

Prevalence of allergic sensitization, hay fever, eczema, and asthma in a longitudinal birth cohort

The aim of this study was to longitudinally assess the prevalence of allergic sensitization, asthma, eczema and hay fever from infancy to adulthood

Airway Interleukin-33 and type 2 cytokines in adult patients with acute asthma

Airway interleukin-33 is associated with type-2 cytokines in naturally occurring asthma exacerbations in adults

Effects of human rhinovirus on epithelial barrier integrity and function in children with asthma

This study demonstrates novel intrinsic differences in tight junctions gene and protein expression between airway epithelial cells of children with and without asthma

Is forced oscillation technique the next respiratory function test of choice in childhood asthma

While spirometry contributes to asthma diagnosis and management in older children, it has a limited role in younger children whom are unable to perform FOM.

Identification of epithelial phospholipase A2 receptor 1 as a potential target in asthma

PLA2R1 is increased in the airway epithelium in asthma, and serves as a regulator of airway hyperresponsiveness, airway permeability, antigen sensitization, and airway inflammation

Impaired airway epithelial cell responses from children with asthma to rhinoviral infection

Human rhinovirus infection delays repair and inhibits apoptotic processes in epithelial cells from non-asthmatic and asthmatic children

Probiotics for treatment and primary prevention of allergic diseases and asthma: looking back and moving forward

Review treatment and primary prevention studies, recent meta-analyses, and discuss the current understanding of the role of probiotics in this context