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Surveillance for severe influenza and COVID-19 in patients admitted to sentinel Australian hospitals in 2020: the Influenza Complications Alert Network (FluCAN)

Influenza is a common cause of acute respiratory infection, and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infection that emerged as a pandemic worldwide before the start of the 2020 Australian influenza season.

Earth dreams: Reimagining ARPA for health of people, places and planet

Bold new approaches are urgently needed to overcome global health challenges. The proposed Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health (ARPA-H) is intended to provide rapid health breakthroughs.

Ontogeny of plasma cytokine and chemokine concentrations across the first week of human life

Early life is marked by distinct and rapidly evolving immunity and increased susceptibility to infection. The vulnerability of the newborn reflects development of a complex immune system in the face of rapidly changing demands during the transition to extra-uterine life.

Innate Immune Responses and Gut Microbiomes Distinguish HIV-Exposed from HIV-Unexposed Children in a Population-Specific Manner

In both high- and low-income countries, HIV-negative children born to HIV-positive mothers (HIV exposed, uninfected [HEU]) are more susceptible to severe infection than HIV-unexposed, uninfected (HUU) children, with altered innate immunity hypothesized to be a cause. Both the gut microbiome and systemic innate immunity differ across biogeographically distinct settings, and the two are known to influence each other.

B Part of It School Leaver protocol: an observational study to assess the impact of a meningococcal serogroup B vaccine programme on carriage of Neisseria meningitidis

This study will assess the impact of MenB vaccine (4CMenB) on carriage prevalence in school leavers in South Australia

Rhinovirus C is associated with wheezing and rhinovirus A is associated with pneumonia in hospitalized children in Morocco

We aimed to describe the distribution of RV species and associations between RV species and clinical features in children hospitalized with clinically severe pneumonia in Morocco

Are low sun exposure and/or Vitamin D risk factors for type 1 diabetes

Evidence supports that higher sun exposure and/or vitamin D sufficiency in pregnancy, or supplementation in early life, decreases type 1 diabetes risk

Rhinovirus species and clinical features in children hospitalised with pneumonia from Mozambique

The prevalence of human rhinovirus (RV) species in children hospitalised with pneumonia in Manhiça, Mozambique

Respiratory viruses in young South African children with acute lower respiratory infections and interactions with HIV

RV-A and RV-C are endemic in South African children and HIV infection may be protective against RSV and bronchiolitis.

Time series analysis of RSV and bronchiolitis seasonality in temperate and tropical Western Australia

Bronchiolitis hospitalisations are a reasonable proxy for the timing of RSV detections, but may not fully capture the magnitude of RSV epidemics